urllib.request.urlretrieve

`urllib.request.urlretrieve` is a function in Python's `urllib.request` module that allows you to download files from a URL to a local file on your computer. This function is commonly used in web scraping, downloading images, or retrieving data from a web server.

The syntax of `urllib.request.urlretrieve` is as follows:

``` urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename=None, reporthook=None, data=None) ```

- `url` is the URL of the file you want to download. - `filename` is the local file path where you want to save the downloaded file. If `None` is provided, the filename will be derived from the URL. - `reporthook` is an optional callback function that reports the download progress. It can be used to display a progress bar or update the user on the progress of the download. - `data` is optional data to be sent in the HTTP request. This is useful when downloading files that require authentication or have specific headers.

Here is an example of how to use `urllib.request.urlretrieve` to download a file:

```python import urllib.request

url = 'https://example.com/image.jpg' filename = 'image.jpg'

urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename) print('File downloaded successfully') ```

In this example, we are downloading an image file from a URL and saving it to a local file called `image.jpg`. Once the download is complete, a message is printed to indicate that the file has been downloaded successfully.

Additionally, you can use the `reporthook` parameter to display the download progress. Here is an example of how to use a simple progress bar:

```python import urllib.request

url = 'https://example.com/large_file.zip' filename = 'large_file.zip'

def download_progress(count, block_size, total_size): percent = int(count * block_size * 100 / total_size) print(f'Downloading... {percent}%')

urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename, reporthook=download_progress) print('File downloaded successfully') ```

In this example, we define a `download_progress` callback function that calculates the download progress as a percentage and prints it to the console. This function is then passed to the `urllib.request.urlretrieve` function as the `reporthook` parameter.

Overall, `urllib.request.urlretrieve` is a useful function for downloading files from a URL in Python and can be customized to fit your specific needs, such as displaying download progress or handling authentication.